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- <text id=91TT2553>
- <title>
- Nov. 11, 1991: Joseph Papp:1921-1991
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Nov. 11, 1991 Somebody's Watching
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MILESTONES, Page 99
- A Showman of the People
- Joseph Papp: 1921-1991
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By William A. Henry III
- </p>
- <p> He was born into an America that still believed in the
- limitless potential of self-education and upward mobility, that
- considered high art and great ideas accessible to ordinary
- working people, that saw no reason for an intellectual chasm
- between a learned elite and the masses. He grew up in a Brooklyn
- household where Yiddish was the mother tongue, and this made
- him, he said, "acutely sensitive to the musical sounds of
- different languages." His father, no scholar, made trunks by
- hand and peddled peanuts from a pushcart. His mother was a
- seamstress. Young Yosl Papirofsky awakened to the arts in public
- schools. His first fling at the drama was playing Scrooge in a
- school Christmas pageant at age eight. In junior high school he
- discovered Shakespeare, memorizing a speech from Julius Caesar
- as a class assignment and liking it so much he mastered another
- for fun. He didn't go to college: his family had no money, and
- his country went to war. But he saw that as no barrier to a
- career in the arts.
- </p>
- <p> When he died last week, having been the most influential
- figure in the American theater over the past quarter-century,
- Joseph Papp was recalled as an impresario, nonprofit-institution
- builder, starmaker and celebrity. In early years, when his
- theater was a church basement or a flatbed truck and a stretch
- of grass in a park, he nurtured Colleen Dewhurst and James Earl
- Jones. When the pennies turned to millions and he controlled
- half a dozen stages, Hollywood actors Robert De Niro, Al Pacino
- and Michelle Pfeiffer would turn to Papp for a $450-a-week
- chance at something serious. Playwrights David Rabe and David
- Henry Hwang ripened with Papp; so did Vaclav Havel,
- Czechoslovakia's dissident turned President. Papp productions
- won three Pulitzer Prizes and 28 Tony Awards--nine for A
- Chorus Line, which had a record run on Broadway from 1975 into
- 1990. Militantly eclectic, he premiered the free love of Hair,
- the middle-class despair of That Championship Season, the black
- invective of No Place to Be Somebody, the prison terror of Short
- Eyes.
- </p>
- <p> He detested the economic elitism of Broadway, where the
- top tickets today generally cost $45 to $60, and the social
- elitism of nonprofit regional theaters, which have tended to
- involve as much social climbing as art. Yet he did not shrink
- from transferring shows to Broadway to finance less commercial
- projects, and he thus created a model widely emulated by
- nonprofit troupes, which now generate most of Broadway's
- nonmusical offerings.
- </p>
- <p> As an administrator, Papp used to say, only half-jokingly,
- that he was more afraid of a surplus than of a deficit. His
- usual response to a crisis was to up the ante. Critics charged
- that his shows often pursued a social and political agenda more
- than an artistic one, resulting in wildly erratic variations in
- quality. Usually, the worse a show was, the more vehemently Papp
- defended it. Arrogant and quick-tempered, apt to mistake
- monologue for conversation, he fired several close collaborators
- and infuriated many of the rest. He mismanaged his succession,
- naming four contenders and then appointing the one whose work
- was most esoteric and least in keeping with his own populist
- impulses. The Public Theater's budget, down a third in the past
- few years, faces further cuts.
- </p>
- <p> Papp's vital legacy was neither his shows nor his
- institution but his audiences. He staged Shakespeare free in
- public parks, introduced impoverished ghetto students to the
- classics, cherished minorities and the dispossessed among
- writers and performers. He always saw himself as a belligerent
- radical. Yet his passion was a deeply conservative idea: that
- art, culture and tradition should form a central force in the
- life of every human being.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-